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45 pages 1 hour read

The Septembers Of Shiraz

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 2007

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Chapters 41-47Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Chapter 41 Summary

Isaac and Farnaz visit Isaac’s parents. Isaac’s father has become sentimental in his old age and sickness. Isaac is immersed in memories of his childhood of material and emotional poverty: His father was a cold and violent man, who lost his mother at a young age, after her husband committed her to a sanatorium in Switzerland. 

Chapter 42 Summary

Isaac and Farnaz meet two people-smugglers to discuss possible escape plans. The smugglers cannot guarantee the success of the trip, alleging many dangers; they also reveal few details beyond a meeting at Tabriz, near the border with Turkey. They require a hefty fee and the family’s trust. The trip would happen in September, when there is less traffic, and after Isaac’s feet have had a chance to heal. Despite everything, Farnaz is now finally willing to take the journey. Later, Isaac works on falsifying Shirin’s passport.

Chapter 43 Summary

Shirin sits in the car as the family drives to the Caspian resort where they have always spent their holidays for one last time. Her parents tell her of the planned escape in September. When they get to their beach house, however, a strange man opens the door. He claims that the house now belongs to him—the new government gave it to him because he serves the Revolution. Isaac, angry and upset, drives to find another house to rent.

Chapter 44 Summary

Parviz attends the Mendelson family’s joyful celebration for the birth of the twins. He sees Rachel but does not talk to her, instead telling Mr. Mendelson about his father’s release. Mr. Mendelson reveals that he knows of Parviz’s fondness for Rachel, but he warns him not to pursue her unless he is willing to become a strict Hassid. Mr. Mendelson shares that when he was young, he considered giving up his background for a girl, but eventually turned back to the righteous path—a path that will lead to eventually producing “one thousand decent, observing Jews!” (314). Parviz knows he cannot submit to such a future of planned procreation. Still, as he watches the lowering sun at dusk, he feels calm and a rare sense of hope for his future.

Chapter 45 Summary

Isaac’s father is about to die, but his mother refuses her son’s invitation to leave Iran with them. Hakim Amin is buried in the Jewish cemetery in Tehran, alongside his forefathers. He will be the last Amin to be buried there.

Chapter 46 Summary

Farnaz reads a coded letter from Javad, sent from Paris. She and Isaac discuss the price they have sold their house for, their upcoming departure, and how tired, reluctant, and resigned they both are. Farnaz drives to the antique shop to return the miniature, but the shop has been closed and the owner arrested. She vows to take the painting to Europe where she may be able to return it to the owner one day.

Chapter 47 Summary

One morning, almost exactly a year from his arrest, Isaac and Farnaz prepare to leave. Habibeh arrives unexpectedly. She tells Isaac she knows they are leaving and that she found the files in the garden. She shows Isaac the file on his brother, and tells him she burned the others, in case they were a danger to Isaac. She also ripped up the letter from the Shah’s wife, having stolen it from Morteza’s pocket after a fight with him. Isaac is unsettled by all this news and Habibeh gives the family a superstitious send off.

As they drive through ancient towns on the way to Tabriz, Isaac wonders how the new regime will cope with the weight of history: “It was in the shadow of these past glories that the country now lived” (328). In Tabriz, they eat lunch as instructed, and then meet the expected two men, who hurry them into a black car. A long drive takes them through unknown rural areas. At night, on a rugged road, they transfer quickly to a pickup already carrying 15 other people, including a pregnant woman. Their seats are in the front as they paid more than the others. In the dark, the truck drives up to a house, where they are told to eat to be able to withstand the rest of the trip. The next leg of the journey is on horseback, and the final stretch is on foot. Finally, at dawn, they cross the border and arrive in a Turkish village. There, they wait in a shack for a truck that takes them to Ankara, the Turkish capital city, where they catch a bus to Istanbul. Isaac notes that life carries on here, as everywhere, and people have the same simple wishes. He images what his future in Europe will be, and then returns to the present as he looks at his wife and sleeping daughter.

Chapters 41-47 Analysis

The final section of the novel considers different ways of ripping apart family traditions—sometimes out of necessity, sometimes to pursue a personal desire. In the novel’s Jewish families, this departure from family mores often centers on marriage or romance. Before recommitting wholeheartedly to Hassidism, Mr. Mendelson considers leaving the faith to pursue a relationship. Conversely, Farnaz goes against the judgment of her parents to marry Isaac—a man who comes from a lower status family than her own. The next generation also faces similar choices, as Parviz must decide whether to abandon his secular Jewish upbringing for extreme religious orthodoxy to continue his relationship with Rachel. Other types of ruptures to generational traditions are less voluntary. When Isaac’s father dies and is buried in the Jewish cemetery in Tehran, Isaac knows that no more Amins will be interred in this historic site—the family has to abandon this custom, and many other similar ones, as they flee from the tyrannical new Iranian regime. The novel also zooms out to consider departures from tradition on a bigger scale. Iran has an incredibly rich cultural history, dating back to the days of its multicultural Persian Empire. However, the Revolution actively seeks to break with this past, banning art, literature, and other cultural products in the pursuit of religious oppression.

There is an interesting parallel drawn between the religious zeal of Khomeini’s Revolution and the procreative goals driving a similarly committed religious conservatism in Hassidic Judaism (their focus on having as many babies as possible is a response to the genocide of the Holocaust, in which Nazi Germans and their collaborators slaughtered six million European Jews). The main difference, of course, is that while Khomeini forces his beliefs onto a large country of millions, Mr. Mendelson can only pressure his daughter into accepting the need to fulfill Hassidic strictures. As is obvious from her defiance of her father—she kisses Parviz, which is clearly not sanctioned by her religion—political freedom in the US makes religious oppression much harder to enforce.

The novel ends on an ambiguous note. After a long and arduous journey, the Amins finally get to Turkey. They’ve escaped Iran’s horrors and have enough financial resources to travel on to Europe. Similarly, though Parviz has been warned to stay away from Rachel unless he is willing to convert, he feels less alone and isolated than he has before. Both sides of the family feel hope for the future, and the worst of their suffering seems to be over. However, the novel does not actually show us what will happen to the Amins next, eliding over the difficulties that Isaac and his family will face as refugees who lack status and the variety of hard choices that Parviz will have to navigate. The novel also doesn’t show us the family reuniting—the most we see is a telephone call between Isaac and Parviz. The ending’s hopeful note is tempered by the challenges that lie ahead.

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