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26 pages 52 minutes read

Don Juan Tenorio

Fiction | Play | Adult | Published in 1844

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Part IIChapter Summaries & Analyses

Part II Summary

The second part of the play begins five years after the events of that night. A sculptor adds the finishing touches to a pantheon of statues. He is interrupted at his labors by a masked man who claims to have been away from Spain for several years, and who seeks to know the story behind the pantheon. The sculptor reveals that, on his deathbed, Don Diego Tenorio ordered his palace razed and a cemetery built for the victims of his wicked son, Don Juan. Warming to his theme, the sculptor displays to the stranger all of his statues, including that of Doña Inés, who died in her convent after Don Juan abandoned her. The masked man gives the sculptor a purse of gold to reward him for the beauty of his labors, then reveals himself as Don Juan and orders the sculptor to leave the grounds.

Kneeling before Doña Inés’s monument in the midsummer night, Don Juan recalls his lost love and near-redemption, and prays wistfully to her spirit to ask God’s mercy for him:

Oh Dona Ines, my life itself! If that voice I babble of is the last sigh, above, of your eternal farewell; if that voice from your very self reaches the farthest sky, and there is a God on high, with stars on either hand, tell him to gaze at Don Juan, by your tomb, and my weeping eyes (92).

Suddenly, the statue disappears, and Don Juan finds himself speaking to the ghost of Doña Inés, who tells him she has made a bargain with God either to bring Don Juan’s soul back to heaven with her or to be damned with him for all eternity. The choice is to be Don Juan’s and he must decide by dawn.

After Dona Inés’s spirit departs, Don Juan questions what he has seen and heard. Her statue is missing. He also expresses doubt that his years of sin and depravity could ever be forgiven by God. Sensing that the pantheon statues have turned towards him, Don Juan shouts his defiance at them, attracting the attention of two passers-by: Don Rafael de Avellaneda and Captain Centellas, who are drinking companions from his days in Seville. The three men renew their acquaintance. Don Juan invites his friends to dine with him, then brashly extends the same invitation to the statue of Don Gonzalo, announcing that only his late enemy’s presence at his table will convince him of an afterlife. Avellaneda and Centellas express unease at such foolhardiness, but Don Juan declares that the dead do not frighten him.

While drinking and dining at Don Juan’s house, the trio hear increasingly loud knocks upon the doors. After Don Juan bolts the door, the statue of Don Gonzalo comes through the door without opening it. Avellaneda and Centellas faint, leaving Don Juan alone with his onetime enemy, who informs Don Juan that he will die the next day and that the fate of his soul hangs in the balance. Don Gonzalo then invites Don Juan to come and make his choice to repent or be damned beside Don Gonzalo’s tomb, subsequently disappearing through the wall. Still plagued by doubts, Don Juan attempts to dismiss Don Gonzalo’s visitation as trickery, even after Doña Inés’s shade reappears to plead with him once more. Rousing his unconscious friends, Don Juan accuses them of staging the visitation; they, in turn, accuse him of drugging them, and challenges to a duel are issued. Captain Centellas kills Don Juan outside his new home (as explained by the statue of Doña Inés’s father, Comendador Don Gonzalo).

Early the next morning, Don Juan returns to the cemetery, where the statues of Dona Inés and Don Gonzalo are both missing. His knock upon Don Gonzalo’s tomb transforms it into a banquet table that horribly mimics his own of the previous night. Snakes, bones, and ashes are served as dishes, goblets burn with fire, and ghostly guests sit around the table. Don Gonzalo’s statue again attempts to tell Don Juan of the power of repentance, but the young man remains skeptical, even after learning that his earthly form was slain in the duel with his friends and is now being prepared for burial. As the funeral procession approaches the cemetery, Don Gonzalo takes hold of Don Juan’s hand through trickery, then prepares to drag him off to hell. Frantic, Don Juan finally prays for divine forgiveness, stretching out his free hand to heaven: “Holy God, I believe in You: may it be though my sins are mighty, I admit, that your mercy indeed is infinite […] Lord, have mercy on me!” (117) The tomb of Doña Inés opens, and her shade emerges to take his outstretched hand. Don Gonzalo and the other phantoms vanish as Dona Inés’s shade assures Don Juan of his salvation. They sink together onto a bed of flowers scattered by angels, and their joined souls, in the form of flames, mount to heaven as the play ends.

Part II Analysis

In Part Two, we again meet with the discrepancy between how female purity is defined in terms of the patriarchy and the philosophy of courtly love. Although both perspectives approach female purity as a worthy asset, the latter hails such purity as ennobling and redemptive in nature. In a patriarchal society, female purity is viewed as an asset in that it substantiates the masculine reputation. Position in the social hierarchy is thus defined by honor. A bride's virginal status brings honor to her family and to her groom. To be cuckolded, therefore, is deeply wounding to the masculine soul and socially humiliating. The patriarchal imperative seeks to dominate because of its inherent nature. Therefore, a daughter's purity holds great implications for a man's position in society. Both the groom and the father of the bride are highly invested in it. There is a paradox at play, of course.

While men like Don Juan and Don Luis seek to best each other in sexual conquests, both seek (above all else) sexual purity in a wife. The competitive nature is present even after marriage. The chastity of a wife ensures the impeccability of a man's lineage; by extension, a cuckolded husband must always wonder about his children's paternal heritage. He is thus seen as less of a man in other men's eyes.

Meanwhile, courtly love (derived from the system of chivalry) regards feminine purity as ennobling in nature. From such a perspective, women are not fallen creatures; instead, they are entities of virtue. Even in death, Dona Ines retains her purity. Indeed, Don Juan sees her as angelic.

In Part Two of the play, Don Juan returns, only to see three massive statues of his victims erected on what should have been the grounds of his inherited home. He curses the hour when "heaven treated him so fiercely," even after he spoke with the "voice of a penitent." Don Juan laments his rejection by the patriarchal system, which once welcomed him as one of its own. Here, Zorrilla suggests that God has also rejected Don Juan. He seeks salvation, but it proves elusive to him. However, Dona Ines (in her transcended form) answers. She represents the Madonna who answers when God is silent.

While living, Dona Ines exemplified all the feminine virtues men worshiped. Yet, she also displayed elements of the feminine imperative: the inherent desire to mate with the strongest, most dominant male. Don Juan answered everything that Dona Ines desired in a man. He could best any competitor in a duel, and other men feared his "satanic" predilections to violence. There was only one problem, however: Don Juan failed to fulfill all of the expectations of a fond father.

In Part Two, Don Juan recognizes his flaws. He approaches the statue of Dona Ines as he does a shrine, seeking absolution for his sins. In his mind, Dona Ines is the angel of his salvation. Yet, despite his yearnings, he is incredulous when Dona Ines' spirit appears before him. For her part, Dona Ines assures him that she has interceded for him before God and that her fate is now tied to his. So, for a short time, Don Juan is given the opportunity to repent and to redeem himself.

For his part, Don Juan believes that he has been hallucinating. He imagines that the frightful apparitions he sees are figments of his imagination. He even invites the statue of Don Gonzalo to dinner in order to convince himself that he has been dreaming. After all, Don Juan has always valued courage above all else, and he is not going to be humbled by some spirits of the night. The last scenes of magical realism in Part 2, Act 3, however, tell a different story. Here, Don Juan's past actions condemn him, and Hell calls out for his soul. He must account for the deaths he has caused. However, with Dona Ines awaiting, the blustering Don Juan eventually admits his deep need. The concept of salvation is subverted here: instead of being saved by a Christ figure, Don Juan enters heaven upon the ministrations of a Madonna. Zorrilla reinforces this point through his extensive use of magical realism.

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