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As one of the recognized “Grand Masters” of American science fiction, fantasy, horror, and magical realism, Ray Bradbury (1920-2012) helped to popularize those genres during the mid-20th century. His lushly vivid and poetic writing style fills his stories with wonder, mystery, and terror. Perhaps Bradbury’s most famous novel is Fahrenheit 451, which describes a dystopian future in which the job of firefighters is not to put out fires, but to burn illegal books. That story and others by Bradbury have been adapted for TV, film, comic books, and stage productions.
Bradbury spent his earliest years in the small town of Waukegan, Illinois, and Dandelion Wine is largely based on those experiences. The book’s protagonist, Douglas, is inspired by Bradbury’s own boyhood eagerness to experience the daily wonders of life. In 1934, Bradbury’s father, searching for work during the Great Depression, took the family to Hollywood. Here, Bradbury continued his avid reading habits, was active in high school stage productions, roller-skated around town in search of autographs from movie stars, belonged to a sci-fi club, and wrote lots of stories. His works began to be published while he was still a teen.
College wasn’t an option for a working-class family during the Great Depression, so instead, Bradbury haunted the libraries for years. He credits them with his extensive education, and as a result, he led campaigns to save them, and championed libraries as sources of learning, especially for underprivileged youth.
Bradbury’s early literary idols included horror writer Edgar Allan Poe and early sci-fi adventure novelists like H. G. Wells, Jules Verne, and Edgar Rice Burroughs. He later read the speculative fiction of Robert Heinlein, Arthur C. Clarke, and others, but he stopped reading science fiction, in part because he didn’t want other authors to influence his own writing.
In all, Bradbury wrote 11 novels, but his favorite form of writing was the short story, and throughout his career, he wrote enough of them to fill more than 50 collections. These publications include Dark Carnival, The October Country, The Machineries of Joy, and I Sing the Body Electric. Bradbury’s first published book, the 1950 novel The Martian Chronicles is a collection of connected short stories that has received extensive critical acclaim for its implied social commentary on the damaging effects of colonialism. The author used the technique of linked short stories, also called a “fixup,” with Dandelion Wine as well. Such an approach was not unique to Bradbury, for fellow science fiction writer Isaac Asimov also employed this format when writing I, Robot, and the Foundation trilogy in the 1950s. As two of the most important speculative fiction writers of the mid-20th century, both Bradbury and Asimov launched their writing careers in a similar fashion.
Throughout his lifetime, Bradbury won many awards and honors, including the US National Medal of Arts, an Emmy Award, a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame, multiple honors from major fantasy, horror, and sci-fi organizations, a Pulitzer lifetime achievement award, an asteroid named “9766 Bradbury,” a Mars rover landing site named “Bradbury Landing,” and a crater on the moon named Dandelion. Bradbury—who sometimes signed autographs with the words “Alive, alive, oh!”—was in his thirties when he wrote Dandelion Wine, but in some ways he anticipated his own future in the character of old Colonel Freeleigh, whose vivid recollections of his younger years serve as time machines into the past for the young boys in the story. Bradbury, too, died in his nineties, his own eloquent remembrances recorded in talks and set down in books—some of which, like Dandelion Wine, also serve as philosophical time machines that offer new generations a glimpse into a wondrous past.
Ray Bradbury’s hometown of Waukegan, Illinois, is a small industrial suburb just north of Chicago on the shores of Lake Michigan. In Dandelion Wine, Bradbury creates a fictionalized, idealized version of Waukegan called Green Town and sets his stories in the summer of 1928: the last year before the start of the Great Depression, when the author himself was only eight and life was not yet defined by the nation’s struggle with economic hardship. Waukegan owes its existence to Chicago, which stands as a major industrial hub; roads, rail lines, and ships converge on Chicago from all over the US. Today, with a population of nearly three million, Chicago is America’s third-largest city and one of the world’s largest economic centers. In the 1920s, the metropolis was already growing rapidly, and its population at that time was even larger than it is today.
In the 1920s, Waukegan’s primary employment opportunities were in metalworks, food processing, and shipping. In the 21st century, the town has a population of about 90,000, but in 1920 it was much smaller, with only about 20,000 residents. (In Dandelion Wine, author Bradbury mentions a 1928 population of “twenty-six thousand three hundred forty-nine inhabitants of Green Town, Illinois” [274].) Many residents, including Bradbury’s mother, descended from Scandinavians; others, like his father, were of English heritage. African Americans also migrated there from the American South in search of manufacturing work. Racial unrest beset the city in 1920, when an altercation between a Black child and an armed services member ballooned into a violent demonstration of US sailors at a residential hotel for Black people. Local high-ranking officials were members of the racist organization Ku Klux Klan; they meted out unfair and sometimes vicious treatment to local Black residents.
Critics of Dandelion Wine question how Bradbury could have grown up in Waukegan without noticing the ugliness of the industrial harbor area downtown. In his 1975 introduction to the book, Bradbury asserts that, to a child, machines and railroad cars aren’t “ugly” but fascinating, and that adults may fume when stuck at a train crossing, but a child will count the passing rail cars and call out the faraway names painted on their sides. Despite the harshness of such a busy setting, the town becomes residential less than a mile inland from the city’s coastal industrial center, and Bradbury’s story takes place mostly in these working-class neighborhoods, which are characterized by two-story homes and big, spreading trees shading the streets. Today, most Waukegan residents are of Hispanic descent; many live in some of these century-old houses, whose front porches still look out on tree-lined neighborhoods. Though some old homes have long since been replaced by apartments, the many that remain offer a small-town ambiance similar to that which Bradbury evokes throughout Dandelion Wine. Here and there, a lot or field still offers places where kids can wander, creating trails to favorite spots or to the old, temptingly scary ravine that’s still there, wildly overgrown with huge trees and dark shadows.
In his introduction, Bradbury declares that Waukegan is similar to most other Midwestern cities. A century has passed since the events that underlie the book, but in many ways, Waukegan still retains the nostalgic, wholesome flavor it had back then. Though his family moved away permanently in 1934, Bradbury returned many times to visit as an adult, and he never forgot his idyllic, youthful summers there. Decades later, the streets of the author’s childhood remain evergreen. Dandelion Wine is his paean to the place, its people, and to the nostalgia of childhood.
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By Ray Bradbury