72 pages • 2 hours read
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Jake Brigance, the novel’s protagonist, is a 37-year-old lawyer who cares about his reputation and wants to be known for taking risks and winning difficult court trials. He is six feet tall and has a receding hairline. He lives in a large, historical house a few blocks from Clanton’s town square with his wife, Carla, and his daughter, Hanna. Jake likes to be the center of attention and in the spotlight, especially in a courtroom. He’s also ambitious and wants to improve his practice, even if it means involving himself in demanding, high-profile cases like Hailey’s and Drew’s.
Although Jake is relatively young in the profession, he has a good reputation and is known for following the rules. He feels he thrives under pressure, especially in the courtroom, but he hesitates when confronted with public opinion that contradicts what he thinks is right. Jake’s biggest court case prior to Drew’s was defending Carl Lee Hailey, which is the focus of A Time to Kill. Because of this case’s notoriety, Jake hoped that his popularity would increase, as would the work coming into his office. Unfortunately, being lead counsel for one of Ford County’s most prominent civil cases five years ago hasn’t resulted in more business and popularity. However, Jake’s work on the Hailey case helps him improve as a lawyer, which John Grisham illustrates in Jake’s efforts in Drew’s defense. Regardless of his personal and professional growth, Jake’s career is struggling. Local police officers prefer Jake and often hire him, but his work for them rarely brings in much money. Now that Jake is taking on a second notorious case, it’s uncertain if his popularity will increase or his practice will continue declining.
Finally, Jake is a dynamic character because of his ability to change. For example, Jake no longer believes in the death penalty. Before the Hailey trial, Jake felt the state didn’t use its gas chamber enough, the same opinion many people of Clanton share. He changed his mind as he got to know Carl Lee Hailey, who was facing the death penalty, and learned that not all killers deserve the most severe punishment. This belief carries over to Drew’s case, where, again, Jake defends a killer whose actions are justified. Another way Jake illustrates change is by learning to ignore reporters and not give the public any information about the cases he’s working on. Thus, any time a reporter confronts him in the novel, Jake does not comment and continues his work. The most significant change Jake makes within A Time for Mercy relates to how he views public opinion. At the novel’s beginning, Jake cares what others think. For example, he adamantly states that Noose assigned him to Drew’s case and doesn’t want to be a part of it. He even asks Ozzie to tell his deputies that Noose assigned him to the case so Jake’s friends won’t judge him harshly. Over time, however, Jake learns more about Drew’s background, feeling great sympathy for the boy. This sympathy makes Jake realize that Drew has the right to a good defense, which causes Jake to care less about public opinion. By the novel’s end, he consciously sheds his need for public validation, learning that he’s better off doing what he feels is right instead of what the public thinks he should do.
Drew Gamble is the 16-year-old boy accused of murdering Stuart Kofer, making him a secondary protagonist alongside Jake Brigance. Drew is small for his age, as puberty hits him late, as it did for his father. Drew doesn’t know his father because Josie got pregnant with him when she was 15. Drew also has a different father from Kiera, but the teens don’t know. Drew is only five feet tall and has weak musculature and no acne. By the end of the trial, however, he grows two inches, gains weight, and has other physical signs that puberty has finally arrived. Drew has lived in three fosters homes and one orphanage. Before moving in with Stuart, the Gambles lived in a camper on a family member’s property for a year. Drew has also been in jail before his arrest for Stuart’s murder. He was sentenced to four months at a juvenile facility for stealing bikes. Drew comes from a volatile background, which explains the extent of his mental and emotional trauma. Sadly, Drew’s most stable experience comes from being in jail while awaiting trial for capital murder.
Drew is in the 9th grade but is two years behind where he should be. Noose insisting Drew stay in the county jail in solitary confinement gets Drew further behind in school, but he shows some improvement after working with Carla Brigance over the summer. The teen says he hates school, but that likely stems from the fact that he is two years older than his classmates and struggles with academics because of his unstable family life. Drew has attended seven different schools and has already dropped out twice. Grisham uses Drew to challenge readers’ assumptions about students left behind by the educational system. Far from a ne’er-do-well, Drew shoulders very adult burdens on his young shoulders. With an unstable home life to contend with and a need to protect his family, Drew only begins to have the cognitive space for traditional education while in the penal system.
Drew’s primary reason for shooting Stuart stems from his role in his family. He feels he must protect his family, so when Stuart begins making noises after passing out, Drew is afraid he’s waking up. Drew kills Stuart to protect himself and his sister, believing his mother is dead. After the killing, Drew repeatedly says he doesn’t regret his choice, showing an amount of maturity that doesn’t match his physique. He fears what will happen to him and his family, but his lack of remorse for the crime shows how sincerely he believed he was doing what was best for his family. However, Drew suffers from severe trauma, exhibited in his inability to communicate with adults well and how he mentally withdraws under stress and pressure. Drew also hums and groans, a clear sign of mental instability, but with antidepressants, Drew’s mental state improves. While he struggles with communication sometimes, he no longer stays silent for long periods or hums to soothe himself. Though achieved through damning means, Drew has effectively extricated his family from the cycle of poverty and abuse in which they had been trapped, and he discovers his definition of manhood as a result.
Josie Gamble is Drew’s and Kiera’s 32-year-old mother. She has short blond hair, and most men consider her attractive. Josie was born in Oregon but moved a lot as a kid because her father was in the Air Force. Josie became pregnant with Drew when she was 15. She then dropped out of school and had Kiera two years later. She married a man when she was 26, but her husband went to prison for 30 years for drugs. Josie also served two years for drugs, but during her incarceration, she taught herself to read and read 730 books. Josie’s difficult path makes her more complicated to the reader; she is not presented as a totally sympathetic character, yet she attempts to better herself for the sake of her children.
Josie is a protective mother who loves her children, but she also recognizes that she is not a perfect mother and has many regrets regarding their upbringing. Josie even regrets keeping Drew instead of putting him up for adoption, saying keeping him is one of the biggest mistakes of her life. This experience explains why Josie is adamant that Kiera get an abortion. She’s learned how difficult raising children is as a teen, and she doesn’t want Kiera trapped in the same life Josie now finds herself, or for Kiera to put her children through what Josie put Drew and Kiera through. Josie also takes responsibility for her children’s unstable life and for not being strong enough to leave Stuart when she knew he was abusive. The choice for Josie was stable housing with an abusive partner or homelessness without the abuse.
Kiera Gamble is Josie’s 14-year-old daughter. She is taller and more physically mature than Drew and has long dark hair and brown eyes. Kiera also has perfect teeth and a pretty smile. She is in 8th grade, but, like Drew, she is a year behind because of her family’s instability. Despite being behind in school, Kiera is intelligent and makes good progress while working with a tutor during her pregnancy.
Kiera shows a high level of maturity during Drew’s trial, demonstrated especially in how she handles her pregnancy. Although her pregnancy results from Stuart raping her, she manages the situation like an adult, weighing her options and not going along with an abortion simply because her mother wants her to. Instead, Kiera discusses her dilemma with Reverend McGarry’s wife and decides to let the Brigances adopt her son when he is born. Kiera further shows her maturity when she performs perfectly during her testimony and Lowell’s cross-examination. Despite the stress of the courtroom, she follows Jake’s instructions precisely and does an outstanding job convincing the jury that her brother is not guilty of capital murder. So, while Kiera has a lot of pressure living in such an unstable and violent situation, she handles the conflict well and appears ready to move on with her life at the trial’s conclusion.
Stuart Kofer, 34, is a sloppy, violent drunk who works as a deputy under Sheriff Ozzie Walls. He is also the story’s antagonist. Stuart’s Irish skin is pale, and his hair is gray and balding, so he styles it in a comb-over to appear younger. Stuart is the eldest child of Earl and Janet Kofer, and his brothers are Cecil and Barry. He inherited his house and 10 acres of land from his grandfather, which he shares with Josie and her children. Before becoming a police officer, Stuart served in the Army, but he was dishonorably discharged. Some characters see this as a red flag regarding his personality and ability to be an ethical police officer. Nevertheless, he is fiercely loyal, especially to Ozzie, and often volunteers to help school and civic clubs. Stuart also has a great sense of humor and knows everyone’s name, endearing him to some community members. Others, however, think poorly of Stuart and his family because they do not attend church and are rude to the religious leaders in the area. The Kofer family must hire a preacher from another town to conduct Stuart’s funeral because no local leaders will work with the family based on their prior behavior.
Stuart has worked in law enforcement for four years, and while he has a perfect work record, he is a very different person behind closed doors. Stuart has a drinking problem but also likes to start fights. He and his friends target bars, intending to get into brawls just for the fun of it. He also drinks moonshine, which seems to affect him more than regular alcohol, demonstrated by his near-lethal BAC the night he died. While he allows Josie’s kids to live in his house, Stuart resents Drew and Kiera. Stuart’s love for violence quickly demonstrates itself at home when he begins hitting Josie and Drew and raping Kiera. In some cases, Stuart instigates violence with Drew, just as he does in bars. For example, Stuart volunteers to take Drew fishing, but when Drew accidentally loses one of Stuart’s fishing rods, Stuart hits Drew and threatens him into silence. Likewise, Stuart teaches Drew how to shoot his service pistol but mocks Drew when the teen is timid about the gun and can’t hit the target. Stuart teaching Drew to use his Glock is ironic, as Drew uses it to kill Stuart when he thinks his mother is dead and that Stuart will come after him and Kiera. Stuart and Drew provide foil ideals of masculinity in the novel. Stuart exhibits his through brute force and Drew exhibits his through necessity.
Stuart dies in Chapter 1, yet readers feel his heavy presence as the plot moves toward Drew’s trial and verdict. Most of what readers learn about Stuart comes from other characters, making that information somewhat unreliable, depending on who is providing that information. Ozzie, the other deputies, and the Kofers’ friends and family members give a more positive outlook on Stuart’s personality, yet information gleaned from Josie, Drew, Kiera, and anyone else witness to Stuart’s abuse or violence tells a very different story. This contrast in personality is central to the trial and adds conflict between Drew’s defense and the prosecution.
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By John Grisham